In English you see only 3 categories because you didn’t mark products with other categories in English version: https://s3.amazonaws.com/fvd-data/notes/168674/1432283064-LSRxGZ/screen.png
As you can see from the screenshot there are 0 products for many categories and to make them visible you need mark other products with those categories.
I’ve resaved permalinks settings. Please clear browser cache and check single product page now.
