Hello,
1), 4) We don’t have the option to display the percentage discount in that place. You can enable only percentage label in Theme Options > WooCommerce > Shop Elements > Sale & Out of stock > enable sale icons and enable percentage discount. If you want to show that like on the screenshot you provided it requires additional customization.
2) Go to Theme Options > WooCommerce > Shop > Product styles > enable product excerpt option.
3) If you want to show the columns layout in the product description then enable Elementor for the Product in the Elementor > Settings. Then edit product long description using Elementor and create columns layout. Add the table HTML code to the column you need.
5) I see that you use third-party plugin to add additional fields to the registration form. I suppose that redirect to the account page is required because of that plugin.
Regards